Queue GW from LBNL / public ISO reports. ¢/kWh is EIA industrial price, campus-weighted per state. GW/NEW = queue depth per new campus (higher = tighter).
The finding: PJM has the most new campuses but a manageable queue per campus (~1.1 GW/new). ERCOT carries the deepest queue per new campus in the country (~13.9) — demand is racing far ahead of what its grid can connect. CAISO pairs a heavy queue with ~20¢/kWh power, the worst combination for a new build.
What Hyperscalers Actually Pay (PPAs)
The EIA "industrial average" is a state-blended public benchmark — not what any specific DC pays. Hyperscaler PPAs vary widely around it.
The finding: The spread from ~$65 (Google/Clearway renewables) to ~$105 (Microsoft/Constellation nuclear) is the price of firmness. Intermittent solar+wind clears near wholesale; 24/7 carbon-free nuclear commands a ~60% premium. What a hyperscaler pays reveals whether it's buying capacity factor or just cheap electrons.
Growth by State
Co-located buildings clustered into campuses (≤800m). New = no 2022 campus within 1km.
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Nuclear Proximity — distance only
Straight-line distance to the nearest reactor. Says nothing about contractable or available capacity.
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Power & Grid
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Capacity headroom
Queue volume
Median wait to connect new power
Data centers build in ~2 years. New generation now waits ~5 years (61 mo, 2025) to connect — the delivery gap.
Capacity & queue figures: EIA, ISO/RTO operators, LBNL Queued Up 2026. Headroom is an estimate, not a reserve-margin calc.
Tools
Method & Provenance
Built by Tres Garcia. Data as of September 2026.
LinkedIn ↗
An interactive research map of U.S. data-center infrastructure and the grid constraints around it. Each layer, its source, vintage, and inclusion rule:
Current data centers (1,550) — OpenStreetMap Overpass API, 2026 (ODbL). Sites tagged as data centers; the headline count.
Deduplicated campuses (611) — co-located buildings clustered into campuses (≤800m); "new" = no 2022 campus within 1km.
2022 baseline (1,252 US / 1,154 intl) — user-curated KML from datacenters.com, for growth-since-2022 comparison. Off by default.
Grid capacity & queue (ISO/RTO) — EIA-860 + ISO/RTO operators (capacity); LBNL Queued Up (queue depth). Headroom is an editorial estimate, not a reserve-margin calc.
Hyperscaler PPAs — public deal disclosures (Talen, Constellation, Clearway, Vistra) vs. EIA industrial averages.
Known limits: Layer counts overlap — the ~4,767 total sums two vintages of the same buildings plus derived and non-DC layers, so it is not a distinct-facility count. OSM coverage is uneven (some coastal metros under-tagged). Queue figures below cover only ISOs with campus data.
Sources
2022 baseline: user-curated KML from datacenters.com
2026 current: OpenStreetMap Overpass API (ODbL)
Capacity: CBRE H2 2025 / JLL Year-End 2025
Reactors: NRC operating list
Grid capacity & peak: EIA-860 / ISO-RTO operators
Interconnection queues: LBNL Queued Up 2026
ISO boundaries: HIFLD (FERC/ORNL)
Tiles: Esri Dark Gray Canvas / OpenStreetMap
📊 Regional Comparison
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